一、创建web工程，搭建Struts框架开发环境：

这里只导入了项目中所需要的重要的jar包，以后根据业务要求继续导入相关的包。

1. 步骤1：:导入struts框架所需的jar包
2. 步骤2：在web.xml中配置struts2.0主过滤器
3. 步骤3：导入struts.xml配置文件

web.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app version="2.5" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee
    http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd">
    <!--  配置Struts2的主过滤器 -->
    <filter>
        <filter-name>struts2</filter-name>
        <filter-class>org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ng.filter.StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter</filter-class>
    </filter>

    <filter-mapping>
        <filter-name>struts2</filter-name>
        <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
    </filter-mapping>
    <welcome-file-list>
        <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
    </welcome-file-list>
</web-app>

struts.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC
    "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.3//EN"
    "http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.3.dtd">

<struts>
    <!-- 配置为开发模式 -->
    <constant name="struts.devMode" value="true" />
    <!-- 配置扩展名为action -->
    <constant name="struts.action.extension" value="action"/>
    <package name="default" namespace="/" extends="struts-default">

    </package>

</struts>

二、搭建Hibernate开发环境：

创建数据库：

这里只导入了项目中所需要的重要的jar包，以后根据业务要求继续导入相关的包。

工程目录：

hibernate.cfg.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-configuration PUBLIC
    "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Configuration DTD 3.0//EN"
    "http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-configuration-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-configuration>
    <session-factory>
        <!-- 配置Hibernate:属性配置参考  Hibernate发型包\project\etc\hibernate.properties -->
        <!-- JDBC的基本链接 -->
        <property name="hibernate.connection.driver_class">com.mysql.jdbc.Driver</property>
        <property name="connection.username">root</property>
        <property name="connection.password">root</property>
        <property name="connection.url">jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/xbmuoa</property>
        <!-- 配置数据库方言 -->
        <property name="dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect</property>
        <!-- 根据映射产生表结构的类型:
            create-drop:木有表结构创建，下次启动时删除重新创建。适合学习阶段
            create：只做创建
            update：探测表结构够的变化，对于数据库没有的，进行更新操作。适合学习阶段
            validate：对比与数据库的结构
         -->
        <property name="hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto">update</property>
        <!-- 显示sql语句及格式：开发调试阶段非常有用 -->
        <property name="hibernate.show_sql">true</property>
        <property name="hibernate.format_sql">true</property>

        <!-- 告知映射文件 -->

    </session-factory>
</hibernate-configuration>

Person.hbm.xml（暂时性先写个映射文件的模板）

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC
    "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
    "http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-mapping package="cn.xbmu.oa.domain">

</hibernate-mapping>

三、搭建Spring开发环境：

这里只导入了项目中所需要的重要的jar包，以后根据业务要求继续导入相关的包。

applicationContext.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
    xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
                http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd
                http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-2.5.xsd">
    <!-- 自动扫描与装配bean -->
    <context:component-scan base-package="cn.xbmu.oa"></context:component-scan>



</beans>

以上已经将Struts、Spring、Hibernate开发所需要的jar包及其配置文件已经配置到web工程中了。

接下来，我们两两整合在一起。

四、Spring与Hibernate整合：

让Spring来管理SessionFactory和事务。

工程目录：

applicationContext.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
    xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
                http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd
                http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-2.5.xsd">
    <!-- 自动扫描与装配bean -->
    <context:component-scan base-package="cn.xbmu.oa"></context:component-scan>

    <!-- 加载外部的properties配置文件 -->
    <context:property-placeholder location="classpath:jdbc.properties" />

    <!-- 配置数据库连接池（c3p0） -->
    <bean id="dataSource" class="com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource">
        <!-- 基本信息 -->
        <property name="jdbcUrl" value="${jdbcUrl}"></property>
        <property name="driverClass" value="${driverClass}"></property>
        <property name="user" value="${username}"></property>
        <property name="password" value="${password}"></property>
        <!-- 其他配置 -->
        <!--初始化时获取三个连接，取值应在minPoolSize与maxPoolSize之间。Default: 3 -->
        <property name="initialPoolSize" value="3"></property>
        <!--连接池中保留的最小连接数。Default: 3 -->
        <property name="minPoolSize" value="3"></property>
        <!--连接池中保留的最大连接数。Default: 15 -->
        <property name="maxPoolSize" value="5"></property>
        <!--当连接池中的连接耗尽的时候c3p0一次同时获取的连接数。Default: 3 -->
        <property name="acquireIncrement" value="3"></property>
        <!-- 控制数据源内加载的PreparedStatements数量。如果maxStatements与maxStatementsPerConnection均为0，则缓存被关闭。Default: 0 -->
        <property name="maxStatements" value="8"></property>
        <!-- maxStatementsPerConnection定义了连接池内单个连接所拥有的最大缓存statements数。Default: 0 -->
        <property name="maxStatementsPerConnection" value="5"></property>
        <!--最大空闲时间,1800秒内未使用则连接被丢弃。若为0则永不丢弃。Default: 0 -->
        <property name="maxIdleTime" value="1800"></property>
    </bean>

    <!-- 配置SessionFactory -->
    <bean id="sessionFactory" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean">
        <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"></property>
        <property name="configLocation" value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml"></property>
    </bean>


    <!-- 配置声明式的事务管理（采用基于注解的方式） -->
    <bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager">
        <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory"></property>
    </bean>
    <tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager="transactionManager" />

</beans>

jdbc.properties

jdbcUrl     = jdbc:mysql:///xbmuoa
driverClass = com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
username    = root
password    = root

SpringTest.java

package cn.xbmu.oa.test;

import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

public class SpringTest {
    private ApplicationContext ac = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");

    //测试SessionFactory
    @Test
    public void testSessionFactory(){
        SessionFactory sessionFactory = (SessionFactory) ac.getBean("sessionFactory");
        System.out.println(sessionFactory);
    }
}

使用Junit测试，结果：

启动tomcat没有报错，说明以上环境的搭建都完全正确，并进行测试，也没有报错。

User.java

package cn.xbmu.oa.domain;

public class User {
    private Long id;
    private String name;
    public Long getId() {
        return id;
    }
    public void setId(Long id) {
        this.id = id;
    }
    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }
    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

}

User.hbm.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC
    "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
    "http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-mapping package="cn.xbmu.oa.domain">
    <class name="User">
        <id name="id">
            <generator class="native"/>
        </id>
        <property name="name"/>
    </class>
</hibernate-mapping>

记得在hibernate.cfg.xml文件中引入映射文件。

 

TestService.java

package cn.xbmu.oa.test;

import javax.annotation.Resource;

import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.hibernate.classic.Session;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;

import cn.xbmu.oa.domain.User;
@Service("testService")
public class TestService {
    @Resource
    private SessionFactory sessionFactory;
    @Transactional
    public void saveTwoUser(){
        Session currentSession = sessionFactory.getCurrentSession();
        currentSession.save(new User());
        int i = 1 / 0;//这里会抛出异常
        currentSession.save(new User());
    }
}

SpringTest.java

package cn.xbmu.oa.test;

import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

public class SpringTest {
    private ApplicationContext ac = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");

    //测试SessionFactory
    @Test
    public void testSessionFactory(){
        SessionFactory sessionFactory = (SessionFactory) ac.getBean("sessionFactory");
        System.out.println(sessionFactory);
    }
    //测试事务
    @Test
    public void testTransaction(){
        TestService testService = (TestService) ac.getBean("testService");
        testService.saveTwoUser();
    }
}

测试事务，报错，因为在 int i = 1 / 0这里发生了异常。

查询数据库xbmuoa中的表，没有数据

我们注释掉  int i = 1 / 0;这句代码，重新测试，成功。

查询user表，里面已经有了保存的数据

我们，继续打开抛异常的语句，再测试；再注释抛异常的代码，再测试。查看表中的数据，发现了事务回滚了。

到此为止，我们顺利的将Spring与Hibernate整合在一起了。并测试了SessionFactory与事务，都正常。

五、Spring与Struts整合：

为了说明白，我们在整合之前写个Action，整合之后写个Action，看看他们之间的区别：

整合之前：

TestAction.java

package cn.xbmu.oa.test;

import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;

public class TestAction extends ActionSupport {
    @Override
    public String execute() throws Exception {
        System.out.println("---------->TestAction execute()");
        return "success";
    }
}

struts.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC
    "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.3//EN"
    "http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.3.dtd">

<struts>
    <!-- 配置为开发模式 -->
    <constant name="struts.devMode" value="true" />
    <!-- 配置扩展名为action -->
    <constant name="struts.action.extension" value="action"/>
    <package name="default" namespace="/" extends="struts-default">
        <!-- 测试用的action -->
        <action name="test" class="cn.xbmu.oa.test.TestAction">
            <result name="success">/test.jsp</result>
        </action>
    </package>

</struts>

test.jsp

<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
<html>
  <head>
  </head>
  <body>
    Struts2.0添加成功<br/>
  </body>
</html>

运行：

整合之后：

导入jar包，已经完成了整合

TestAction.java

package cn.xbmu.oa.test;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Scope;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;

import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;
@Controller
@Scope("prototype")
public class TestAction extends ActionSupport {

    @Override
    public String execute() throws Exception {
        System.out.println("---------->TestAction execute()");
        return "success";
    }
}

struts.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC
    "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.3//EN"
    "http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.3.dtd">

<struts>
    <!-- 配置为开发模式 -->
    <constant name="struts.devMode" value="true" />
    <!-- 配置扩展名为action -->
    <constant name="struts.action.extension" value="action"/>
    <package name="default" namespace="/" extends="struts-default">
        <!-- 测试用的action,当与Spring整合后，class属性写的就是bean的名称-->
        <action name="test" class="testAction">
            <result name="success">/test.jsp</result>
        </action>
    </package>

</struts>

在浏览器上运行：http://localhost:8080/xbmuoa/test.action

发现，在控制台上报错，信息如下：

严重: ********** FATAL ERROR STARTING UP STRUTS-SPRING INTEGRATION **********
Looks like the Spring listener was not configured for your web app!
Nothing will work until WebApplicationContextUtils returns a valid ApplicationContext.
You might need to add the following to web.xml:
    <listener>
        <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
    </listener>
四月 03, 2016 9:48:27 下午 com.opensymphony.xwork2.util.logging.commons.CommonsLogger error
严重: Dispatcher initialization failed
java.lang.NullPointerException
    at com.opensymphony.xwork2.spring.SpringObjectFactory.getClassInstance(SpringObjectFactory.java:209)
    at com.opensymphony.xwork2.config.providers.XmlConfigurationProvider.verifyResultType(XmlConfigurationProvider.java:519)
    at com.opensymphony.xwork2.config.providers.XmlConfigurationProvider.addResultTypes(XmlConfigurationProvider.java:490)
    at com.opensymphony.xwork2.config.providers.XmlConfigurationProvider.addPackage(XmlConfigurationProvider.java:446)
    at com.opensymphony.xwork2.config.providers.XmlConfigurationProvider.loadPackages(XmlConfigurationProvider.java:264)
    at org.apache.struts2.config.StrutsXmlConfigurationProvider.loadPackages(StrutsXmlConfigurationProvider.java:111)
    at com.opensymphony.xwork2.config.impl.DefaultConfiguration.reloadContainer(DefaultConfiguration.java:193)
    at com.opensymphony.xwork2.config.ConfigurationManager.getConfiguration(ConfigurationManager.java:55)
    at org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.Dispatcher.init_PreloadConfiguration(Dispatcher.java:374)
    at org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.Dispatcher.init(Dispatcher.java:418)
    at org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ng.InitOperations.initDispatcher(InitOperations.java:69)
    at org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ng.filter.StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter.init(StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter.java:51)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterConfig.initFilter(ApplicationFilterConfig.java:279)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterConfig.getFilter(ApplicationFilterConfig.java:260)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterConfig.<init>(ApplicationFilterConfig.java:105)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.filterStart(StandardContext.java:4854)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.startInternal(StandardContext.java:5542)
    at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:150)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.addChildInternal(ContainerBase.java:901)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.addChild(ContainerBase.java:877)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHost.addChild(StandardHost.java:649)
    at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployDirectory(HostConfig.java:1245)
    at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig$DeployDirectory.run(HostConfig.java:1895)
    at java.util.concurrent.Executors$RunnableAdapter.call(Executors.java:471)
    at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.run(FutureTask.java:262)
    at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1145)
    at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:615)
    at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:724)
四月 03, 2016 9:48:27 下午 org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext filterStart
严重: Exception starting filter struts2
Class: com.opensymphony.xwork2.spring.SpringObjectFactory
File: SpringObjectFactory.java
Method: getClassInstance
Line: 209 - com/opensymphony/xwork2/spring/SpringObjectFactory.java:209:-1
    at org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.Dispatcher.init(Dispatcher.java:431)
    at org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ng.InitOperations.initDispatcher(InitOperations.java:69)
    at org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ng.filter.StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter.init(StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter.java:51)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterConfig.initFilter(ApplicationFilterConfig.java:279)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterConfig.getFilter(ApplicationFilterConfig.java:260)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterConfig.<init>(ApplicationFilterConfig.java:105)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.filterStart(StandardContext.java:4854)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.startInternal(StandardContext.java:5542)
    at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:150)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.addChildInternal(ContainerBase.java:901)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.addChild(ContainerBase.java:877)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHost.addChild(StandardHost.java:649)
    at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployDirectory(HostConfig.java:1245)
    at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig$DeployDirectory.run(HostConfig.java:1895)
    at java.util.concurrent.Executors$RunnableAdapter.call(Executors.java:471)
    at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.run(FutureTask.java:262)
    at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1145)
    at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:615)
    at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:724)
Caused by: java.lang.NullPointerException
    at com.opensymphony.xwork2.spring.SpringObjectFactory.getClassInstance(SpringObjectFactory.java:209)
    at com.opensymphony.xwork2.config.providers.XmlConfigurationProvider.verifyResultType(XmlConfigurationProvider.java:519)
    at com.opensymphony.xwork2.config.providers.XmlConfigurationProvider.addResultTypes(XmlConfigurationProvider.java:490)
    at com.opensymphony.xwork2.config.providers.XmlConfigurationProvider.addPackage(XmlConfigurationProvider.java:446)
    at com.opensymphony.xwork2.config.providers.XmlConfigurationProvider.loadPackages(XmlConfigurationProvider.java:264)
    at org.apache.struts2.config.StrutsXmlConfigurationProvider.loadPackages(StrutsXmlConfigurationProvider.java:111)
    at com.opensymphony.xwork2.config.impl.DefaultConfiguration.reloadContainer(DefaultConfiguration.java:193)
    at com.opensymphony.xwork2.config.ConfigurationManager.getConfiguration(ConfigurationManager.java:55)
    at org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.Dispatcher.init_PreloadConfiguration(Dispatcher.java:374)
    at org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.Dispatcher.init(Dispatcher.java:418)
    ... 18 more

意思就是，没有和web工程整合，没有一个全局的工厂容器对象。

在web.xml中配置信息如下：

web.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app version="2.5" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee
    http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd">
    <!-- 配置Spring的监听器，用于初始化ApplicationContext对象 -->
    <listener>
        <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
    </listener>
    <context-param>
        <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
        <param-value>classpath:applicationContext*.xml</param-value>
    </context-param>
    <!--  配置Struts2的主过滤器 -->
    <filter>
        <filter-name>struts2</filter-name>
        <filter-class>org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ng.filter.StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter</filter-class>
    </filter>

    <filter-mapping>
        <filter-name>struts2</filter-name>
        <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
    </filter-mapping>
    <welcome-file-list>
        <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
    </welcome-file-list>
</web-app>

TestAction.java

package cn.xbmu.oa.test;

import javax.annotation.Resource;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Scope;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;

import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;
@Controller
@Scope("prototype")
public class TestAction extends ActionSupport {

    @Resource
    private TestService testService;
    @Override
    public String execute() throws Exception {
        System.out.println("---------->TestAction execute()");
        testService.saveTwoUser();
        return "success";
    }
}

在浏览器中运行，报错，是因为在 int i = 1 / 0出抛出了异常

注释掉这句抛异常的语句，继续运行，成功。